从儿童心理学看《秘密花园》中玛丽的成长历程英语论文 34页

XXXX大学本科生毕业论文（设计）评议书姓名XX学院XXX学院专业翻译年级（班）机译论文题目从儿童心理学看《秘密花园》中玛丽的成长历程完成时间XXX年5月5日论文内容摘要美国作家弗朗西斯·霍奇森·伯内特的《秘密花园》被认为是二十世纪最重要、最有影响力的儿童文学作品之一。这部小说在1911年发表时就成为畅销书。它被公认为无年龄界限的精品，不论是儿童还是成年人都被它深深吸引。这本小说讲述了一个在缺少爱与关怀的环境下长大的孩子玛丽，由于父母双亡而搬到约克郡，在那里她开始了自己的蜕变的故事。她在得到爱的同时也把爱带给别人，拯救了一个破碎的家庭。本论文从儿童心理学方面分析玛丽的成长历程。它包括玛丽的过去、现在与未来三个阶段，从不同的角度分析玛丽的成长，从而说明影响儿童健康成长的因素，并对父母如何教育孩子提出良好的建议。指导教师评语年月日指导教师职称初评成绩 答辩小组姓名职称教研室组长成员答辩记录：记录人签字：年月日答辩小组意见：组长签字：年月日学院意见：评定成绩：签章年月日 XXXX大学本科生毕业论文（设计）开题报告书XXX学院翻译专业XXXX级学生姓名XX论文（设计）题目从儿童心理学看《秘密花园》中玛丽的成长历程指导教师XXX专业职称中职所属教研室商务英语研究方向应用语言学课题论证：通过从儿童心理学的角度分析《秘密花园》，以玛丽的成长历程为例探讨如何让儿童身心健康地成长。方案设计：论文主体主要分为三个部分，第一部分通过分析玛丽悲惨的童年遭遇来说明儿童的性格形成受到环境因素的影响；第二部分讲述了玛丽搬家后发生的转变，从而说明孩子的成长需要的是与朋友交流，多亲近自然，回归自然；第三部分展望玛丽未来，揭示成长秘密。进度计划：3.14-3.16确定论文题目3.16-3.23拟写论文提纲3.23-3.30提交并修改论文提纲3.30-4.20提交并修改论文初稿4.20-5.8拟写并提交论文终稿指导教师意见：指导教师签名：年月日 教研室意见：教研室主任签名：年月日XXXX大学本科毕业论文（设计）任务书编号：论文（设计）题目：从儿童心理学看《秘密花园》中玛丽的成长历程学院：XXX学院专业：翻译班级：机译学生姓名：XX学号：XXXX指导教师：XXX职称：中职1、论文（设计）研究目标及主要任务本文的研究目标是《秘密花园》中玛丽的成长历程。其主要任务是探讨如何帮助孩子身心健康地成长。2、论文（设计）的主要内容论文主体主要分为三个部分，第一部分通过分析玛丽悲惨的童年遭遇来说明儿童的性格形成受到环境因素的影响；第二部分讲述了玛丽搬家后发生的转变，从而说明孩子的成长需要的是与朋友交流，多亲近自然，回归自然；第三部分展望玛丽未来，揭示成长秘密。3、论文（设计）的基础条件及研究路线基于对前人研究的总结，通过从结果探寻原因的研究方法，本论文主要探讨了《秘密花园》中玛丽的成长历程，并由果溯因，并通过研究玛丽的成长，得到一些成长的启示。4、主要参考文献Burnett,FrancesHodgson,TheSecretGarden.StateStreetPress,2003.巴斯·莱维林，2004，《儿童的秘密——秘密、隐私和自我的重新认识》。北京教育科学出版社。2004年：80。5、计划进度阶段起止日期1确定论文题目3.14-3.162拟写论文提纲3.16-3.23 3提交并修改论文提纲3.23-3.304提交并修改论文初稿3.30-4.205拟写并提交论文终稿4.20-5.8指导教师：年月日教研室主任：年月日XXXX大学本科生毕业论文（设计）文献综述TheSecretGardeniswrittenbytheAmericanwriterFrancesHodgsonBurnett.Itisknownasoneofthemostimportantandsignificantbooksforchildrenin20thcentury.Whenthisnovelwaspublishedin1911,itbecameabest-seller.Itisconsideredthatthebookdosenothavetheagelimit.Nomatteradultsorchildrenareinterestedinthebook.WhenBurnettwasyoung,shelovedplants.Shewasgoodatgardening.InBritainthereweremanygardenswithfencesaroundherhouse.Oneofgardenswasherstudyinoutside,whichshewroteineveryday.WhenshewasgardeninghergardeninLongIslandin1909,shesuddenlyfoundinspiration.ThentheplotofTheSecretGardenworkedout.Itwaspublishedin1911,whichbecameabest-seller.ThereweremanyeditionsofthisbookwhichhadbeenrepublishedinBritainandtheUSA.IntheUSA,itbecameafilmin1919,1949and1993.EspeciallyitwasreorganizedforaTVcartoonin1994.Childrenlikedthethreefilms.Theyattractedmanyaudiences.ThefamousPolish-FrenchdirectorAgnieszkaHollandmadethe1993version.Afteritcameout,thebookbegantobeadaptedformusicalandstageplaysfromthebeginningofthetwentiethcentury.Itwasperformedsevenhundredandsixtimes.TheSecretGardengottwoTonyAwardsin1991.TheawardistoplaywhatOscaristofilminAmerica.TherearemanynewstageversionsofthenovelcomingoutperformedeverywhereintheUSAnow.Therearemanyproducts.TheyarebasedonTheSecretGarden,suchastoybooks,booksforbabies,talkingbooks,simplifiededition,tapes.ThebookislistedinReader’sCatalogbyNewYorkBookReview.BecauseTheSecretGardenisfullofloveandhappiness.Whenagrown-upreadsthebook,heconsiderswhathehasdone.Hewillbesorryforhisindifferencetopeople.Afterreadingthebook,childcanunderstandalotandbecomeatrueman.TheTimesevaluatesthebookthatfewbookscanbeassuccessfulasTheSecretGardeninAmericanhistory.Peoplecherishandlikeitlikeanewly-bornbabyintherecenthundredyears.Thebookwasadaptedtoalotoffilmsandplays.Thisindicatesthatpeoplewillneverforgetthemercyofhuman’sspirit.InAmerican,theteachersalwaysregardTheSecretGardenasteachingmaterial.Becausethelanguageisplainandthebookisrichinideas.Theplotiswinding.It’seasytoattractchildren’sattention.Whenmanypeoplewereyoung,theyreadthebook.Aftertheybecameadultsandhadtheirchildren,theyboughtthebookfortheirchildren.ItdeservestobementionedthatinTheSecretGardenofOxfordUniversityPress’sintroduction,AmericanwriterandscholarAlisonLuriepointsoutthatTheSecretGardenincludessomeimportanttopicsthat20thcenturywesternliteraturetransformsthetraditioninto themodern.Oneistheattentiontoinnerworld.Thesecondsubmitstoreturntonature.Thethirdismysticism.PhyllisBixler’sTheSecretGarden:TheNature’sMagicprovesthatTheSecretGardenaffectsT.S.Eliot’sFourQuartetsandD.H.Lawrence’sLadyChatterly’sLoverobviously.Lawrencehimselfsaid,hewasaffectedbymanypeople.Theywerenotnecessarilythemostoutstandingsouls,butdefinitelyhadbeenofimportancetohiminacertainstageofhislifeandhadofferedhimsomeexperienceinlifeorwriting.Amongallofwriters,therewasaladyandamasterpiecetobementioned.FrancesHodgsonBurnettandTheSecretGardenareimprovinghisspirit.BurnetthadamagicsticktocreateasecretgardenwhichhasmagicpoweronMaryandColin.ThecontemporarycriticsthinkthatTheSecretGardenisaChristianSciencebook.Forexample,inTheRomantickLady:TheLifeStoryofanImagination.TheauthorisVivianBurnett.HethinksFrancesHodgsonBurnettbelievesthatthereisacloseinterrelationshipofbodyandmindinChristianScience.TheSecretGardenisasymbol.JerryPhillips’sReflectionsontheClassPoliticsofTheSecretGardengivessomepointsonsociopoliticalinterpretationofthebook.GilliamAdamsdiscussesthepowerofmagicinhisbook,SecretsandHealingMagicinTheSecretGarden.Thebookiswrittenforchildren.Peopleshouldusechildpsychologytoanalyzethenovel.Manyscholarswhoresearchchild’sproblemspayattentiontothebook.Childpsychologyistoresearchthecharacteristicofchildpsychology’semergencyanddevelopmentandthediscipline.It’sabranchofchildhooddevelopmentalpsychology.Childpsychologyhasapositiveandimportanteffectonchildeducation,childhealthcare,childliterature,childbroadcasting.Theresearchobjectisachildpsychology’semergencyanddevelopmentfrombirthtoyouth.Inwestern,theresearchofchildpsychologydatedbacktorenaissance.Inthatperiod,somehumanisticeducatorlikeRousseauputforwardtorespectandunderstandchildren.Theneweducationalthoughtsmaketheoriginalfoundationofchildpsychology.Thescientificchildpsychologyemergedinthesecondhalfofthe19thcentury.Therearemanyresearchmethodssuchasobservation,experimentmethod,clinicalmethod,statisticalmethod.Childpsychologyiscomplicated.Butwejustchoosesomefactorsthatinfluencechildrengrowthtotalkabout,suchasenvironment,thepowerofnatureandfriendship.Theenvironmentincludesnaturalenvironmentandsocialenvironmentandfamilyenvironment.TheenvironmenthasandirectinfluenceontheformationofMary’sdistortedpersonality.ThenthepowerofnatureandfriendshipletMaryhaveanpositivechange.AtthelastwhatparentscanlearnfromMary’sgrowthinTheSecretGarden.TheSecretGardenisoneofthefamouschildren’sliteratureinthewesternworld,thestudyonTheSecretGardenremainsanuntouchedstoneinChina.ExceptforChineseversionoftheTheSecretGarden,translatedbyZhangRunfang,thereareveryfewrelatedcommentsandessaysavailabletothereadersandthescholars. 本科生毕业论文设计题目从儿童心理学看《秘密花园》中玛丽的成长历程___作者姓名XX指导教师XXX所在学院XXX学院专业（系）机器翻译班级（届）XXX级完成日期XXX年5月5日 FromChildPsychologytoSeeMary’sGrowthCourseinTheSecretGardenByXXXXXX,TutorAThesisSubmittedtoDepartmentofEnglishLanguageandLiteratureinPartialoftheRequirementsfortheDegreeofB.AinEnglishAtXXXXUniversityMay5th,XXX 摘要美国作家弗朗西斯·霍奇森·伯内特的《秘密花园》被认为是二十世纪最重要、最有影响力的儿童文学作品之一。这部小说在1911年发表时就成为畅销书。它被公认为无年龄界限的精品，不论是儿童还是成年人都被它深深吸引。这本小说讲述了一个在缺少爱与关怀的环境下长大的孩子玛丽，由于父母双亡而搬到约克郡，在那里她开始了自己的蜕变的故事。她在得到爱的同时也把爱带给别人，拯救了一个破碎的家庭。本论文从儿童心理学方面分析玛丽的成长历程。它包括三个部分：第一章从玛丽的过去来分析环境对孩子性格形成的影响。第二章讲述了玛丽搬家后发生的转变及产生原因，从而说明孩子的成长需要的是真正关心和与朋友交流，同时孩子需要多亲近自然，回归自然。第三章是通过展望玛丽的未来而揭示如何成长为一个健康快乐的孩子。关键词:儿童心理爱成长iii AbstractTheSecretGardeniswrittenbytheAmericanwriterFrancesHodgsonBurnett.Itisknownasoneofthemostimportantandsignificantbooksforchildrenin20thcentury.Whenthisnovelwaspublishedin1911,itbecameabest-seller.Itisconsideredthatthebookdosenothavetheagelimit.Nomatteradultsorchildrenareinterestedinthebook.IttellsastoryaboutMary.Shedidnotgetlovefromherparentswhenshewasyoung.Shebecameaselfishandtyrannicalgirl.Unfortunatelyherparentsdiedofcholera.ShemovedtoYorkshire.AtthatplaceMarystartedtogrowup.Shegotlovefromothersandgavelovetopeople.Thenshesavedabrokenfamily.ThethesisanalysesMary’sgrowthcoursefromchildpsychology.Itconsiststhreeparts:ChapterOneanalysesMary’sunhappypasttoseethattheenvironmenthasimportantinfluenceonchildrencharacterformation.ChapterTwodescribesMary’schangesandthereasonsaftershemovedtoYorkshire.Thenparentscanunderstandthatchildrenneedrealcareandcommunicationwithfriends.Childrenshouldspendmoretimeatnatureandreturntonature.ChapterThreetellsussomesecretsaboutgrowthbyimaginingMary’sfuture.Keywords:childpsychologylovegrowthiv TableofContents摘要iiiAbstractivIntroduction1ChapterOneMary’sYesterday4A.Mary’sUnhappyChildhood4B.TheEnvironment’sInfluence5ChapterTwoMary’sToday8A.MaryandMisselthwaiteManor’sChanges8B.ThePowerofNatureandFriend9ChapterThreeMary’sTomorrow15A.TheInspirationsGivenbyMary15Notes21Bibliography22v IntroductionFrancesHodgsonBurnettwasborninManchester,England,onNovember24,1849.Afterherfather’sdeathin1853,Burnett’smotherranthefamily’sironfoundryuntiltheAmericanCivilWarcausedthebusinesstofail.ThentheymovedtoTennesseein1865,tostaywithrelativesinalogcabin.Franceslivedthereuntil1873,whenshemarriedadoctor,SwanBurnett,whomshelaterdivorcedin1898.ShemarriedPeterTownesend,anactor,in1900.FromherteensFranceshadwrittenstoriesandtalestohelpsupportthefamilyandlaterclaimednevertohavewrittenamanuscriptthatwasnotpublished.Herfirstbest-sellerwasThatLassO’sLowriespublishedwhenshewas28,withmuchofmaterialsfromherlifeinEnglishcoalmines.In1886,shepublishedLittleLordFauntleroy,whichdescribestheexperienceofanAmericanboywhoatlastbecomesanheirtoanEnglishearl.“Fauntleroy”becameanEnglishwordeversince,meaningaboywhoisoverdressedup.Burnettwasafamouswriterandespeciallyshewasoneofbestwritersofchild.Noonehastherichimaginationlikeher.Noonecanunderstandtheworldofchildlikeher.Noonecantellthestorybetterthanher.Thereisatiebetweenherheartandchildren’shearts.Burnett’spenlikeamagicstick,itcanchangetherealityintofairytales.Burnettlikedplantswhenshewasyoungandshewasengagedingardening.ThereweremanygardenswithfencesaroundherhouseinBritain,oneofwhichwasheroutdoorstudy,whichshewroteineveryday.In1909,whenshewasdecoratinghergardeninLongIsland,shesuddenlyfoundinspiration,thusworkingouttheplotofTheSecretGarden.In1911,thebookwaspublished.Itbecameabest-seller.AnditwasrepublishedinBritainandtheUSAformanytimeswithnumerouseditions.In1919,1949and1993itwasadaptedtobeafilmintheUSA,andin1994wasadaptedforaTVcartoon.Thethreefilmswhichwereallforchildrenattractedlargeaudiences.Andthe1993versionwastheworkofthefamousPolish-FrenchdirectorAgnieszkaHolland.Fromthebeginningofthetwentiethcentury,TheSecretGardenisadaptedforstageandmusicalplaysimmediatelyafteritcameout.Performedsevenhundred23 andsixtimes,TheSecretGardenwontwo1991TonyAwards,whichistoplayisOscartofilminAmerica.AtpresetnewstageversionsofthenovelareconstantlycomingoutperformedhereandthereintheUSA.TherearemanyproductsbasedonTheSecretGarden,suchastapes,talkingbooks,booksforbabies,simplifiededition,toybooks.NewYorkBookReviewlistsitinReader’sCatalogbecauseitisabookfullofsweetnessandfragrance.Itmakesagrown-upreaderthinkaboutwhathehasdone,andfeelashamedforhisindifferencetoothers;anditalsomakesachildatitscompanybecomeatrueman.TheTimesgivesitscommentthatinAmericanhistory,fewbookscanbeassuccessfulasTheSecretGarden,andintherecenthundredyears,peopleloveandcherishitlikeanewly-bornandhavemadealotoffilmsandplaysoutofit.Thisshowsthatpeoplewillneverdiscardthegoodnessofhumanspirit.InAmerican,theteachersalwaysregardTheSecretGardenasteachingmaterial.Becausethelanguageisplainandthebookisrichinideas.Theplotiswinding.It’seasytoattractchildren’sattention.Whenmanypeoplewereyoung,theyreadthebook.Aftertheybecameadultsandhadtheirchildren,theyboughtthebookfortheirchildren.ItdeservestobementionedthatinTheSecretGardenofOxfordUniversityPress’sintroduction,AmericanwriterandscholarAlisonLuriepointsoutthatTheSecretGardenincludessomeimportanttopicsthat20thcenturywesternliteraturetransformsthetraditionintothemodern.Oneistheattentiontoinnerworld.Thesecondadvocatestoreturntonature.Thethirdismysticism.PhyllisBixler’sTheSecretGarden:TheNature’sMagicprovesthatT.S.Eliot’sFourQuartetsandD.H.Lawrence’sLadyChatterly’sLoverareobviouslyinfluencedbyTheSecretGarden.D.H.Lawrencehimselfsaid,manypeoplehadinfluencedhimandtheywerenotnecessarilythemostoutstandingsouls,butdefinitelyhadbeenofimportancetohiminacertainstageofhislifeandhadofferedhimsomeexperienceinlifeorwriting.Amongthem,aladyandamasterpiecemustbementioned,theywere,FrancesHodgsonBurnettandTheSecretGarden.Inimprovinghisspirit,thebookhadhadamagicpowerlikethatofthesecretgardenonMaryandColin.Thebookiswrittenforchildren.Thenitgivespeoplesomelessonstoeducatechildren.WhentheheroineMarywasyoung,herparentsdidnotloveher.Theydid23 notcareheratall.Nooneeducatedher.TheservantsjustknewtoobeyMary’sorder.Shebecameaselfishandtyrannicalgirl.Noonecaredherandshecarednoone.Butonedayeverythingischanged.Herparentswasdiedofcholera.Thenshelivedintheclergyman’shome.Fewdayslatershemovedtoheruncle’shomeTheMisselthwaiteManor.Inthestrangemanor,shemetthekindMarthaandDickon,herpoorcousinColin.Shefollowedtherobinandfoundthesecretgardendoorwhichhasthemagicpower.WithDickon’shelpsherebuildthegardenwhichhadbeenlockedfortenyears.Intheprocessshealsochanged.Shegotlovefromfriends.Shebecameahappyandhealthygirl.Shehelpedheruncleandhercousintohaveagoodrelationship.Whenspringcame,thegardenisfullofflowers,treesandbirds.Everyonehadtherebirth.Everyonehadahappyending.ThethesisanalysesMary’sgrowthcoursewithchildpsychology.Childpsychologyistoresearchthecharacteristicofchildpsychology’semergencyanddevelopmentandthediscipline.It’sabranchofchildhooddevelopmentalpsychology.Childpsychologyhasapositiveandimportanteffectonchildeducation,childhealthcare,childliterature,childbroadcasting.Theresearchobjectisachildpsychology’semergencyanddevelopmentfrombirthtoyouth.Inwestern,theresearchofchildpsychologydatedbacktorenaissance.Inthatperiod,somehumanisticeducatorlikeRousseauputforwardtorespectandunderstandchildren.Theneweducationalthoughtsmaketheoriginalfoundationofchildpsychology.Thescientificchildpsychologyemergedinthesecondhalfofthe19thcentury.Therearemanyresearchmethodssuchasobservation,experimentmethod,clinicalmethod,statisticalmethod.Childpsychologyiscomplicated.Butwejustchoosesomefactorsthatinfluencechildrengrowthtotalkabout,suchasenvironment,thepowerofnatureandfriendship.Theenvironmentincludesnaturalenvironmentandsocialenvironmentandfamilyenvironment.TheenvironmenthasandirectinfluenceontheformationofMary’sdistortedpersonality.ThenthepowerofnatureandfriendshipletMaryhaveanpositivechange.AtthelastwhatparentscanlearnfromMary’sgrowthinTheSecretGarden1.23 ChapterOneMary’sYesterdayAlthoughTheSecretGardenisafairytale,ithasalotofeducationalsignificanceforchild.Ifachildwantstogrewuphealthilyandhappily,parentsshouldcarehisorhereveryaspect.Childhoodisthemostimportantperiodinthewholelife.Sometimesthisperiodcandeterminechild’sfuture.Soparentsshouldpaymoreattentiontotheenvironment’sinfluenceonchildcharacterformation.A.Mary’sUnhappyChildhoodInLittleMary’sworld,parentswerestrangers.Whenshewasborn,shelivedinIndia.HerfatherhadapositionundertheEnglishgovernmentandhadalwaysbeenbusy.Hermotherwhowasverybeautifulcaredonlytogotoallkindsofpartiestoenjoyherlife.Shedidnotwantagirlatall.WhenMarywasborn,hermotherhandedherovertotheservant.Shedidnothaveanytimetocareaboutherlittledaughter.Maryhadafewopportunitiestoseehermother.BecausehermotherwashappywhenMarywaskeptoutofher.Theimpressionthemothergaveherwasatall,slim,prettypersonandwearinglovelyclothes.Indiawasarigidlystratifiedsociety.ServantsalwaysobeyedMary’sordersandletherdoeverythinginherownway.WhenMarywasunhappy,shebeatandkickedtheservants.Bythetimeshewassixyearsoldshewasatyrannicalandselfishgirl.Inthisfamily,Marydidnothavefriendsandparentswhocaredher.Noonelovedherandshealsolovednoone.Noonecaredwhetherthelittlegirlwashappyornot.Noonepaidattentiontoeducatehertobeagoodgirl.Shewasinadifficultsituationwhichwastobecompletelyalienated.Whenthecholerabrokeout,everyoneleftthehouseasquicklyastheycould.Maryhidherselfinthenurseryandwasforgottenbyeveryone.Nobodythoughtofher,nobodywantedher,andstrangethingshappenedofwhichsheknewnothing.Shebelievedthatwhenitended,someonemustcometolookforher.Afterafewdays,noonecome.Sheheardthesound.Shewentout.Peopleweresurprisedtoseeher.Maryasked:“WhywasIforgotten?Whydoesnobodycome?”Itseemsthatthegirlwasabandonedbytheworld.Shewasalittlechild.Butnoonerememberedher.Shewassopoor.Thenshewasarrangedtoliveintheclergyman’shome.Shedidnotknowhowtocommunicate23 withchildren.Shewasisolated.Thechildrenlaughedatherandsang“MistressMary,QuiteContrary”.Thenshewastobesenttoheruncle’shome.MrsMedlock,heruncleArchibaldCarven’shousekeepercametotakehertoMisselthwaiteManor.B.TheEnvironment’sInfluenceTherearemanyfactorsofenvironmenttoleadMary’sbadcharactersuchasnaturalfactor,socialfactor,familyandsoon.TherelationbetweenhealthandlocationisanimportantthemethroughoutTheSecretGarden.Indiaispresentedasaplacewhichbreedsillnessandugliness,asbothMaryandherfathertookillduringtheirtimethere.Latermanypeoplediedofcholera.InIndiait’sveryhot.AndMarydidnothaveanyenergytocaresomething.Indiahasnospring,whichisassociatedwithbeauty,joy,andlife.SoBurnettdescribesMary’schildhoodinIndia:“HerfacewasyellowbecauseshehadbeenborninIndiaandalwaysbeenillinonewayoranother.”Mary’shealthisinfluencedbythenature.Peoplelivedinthesociety.Sothesocialenvironmenthasacloselyrelationwithchildrengrowth.Theinvisiblehurtthatthe“society”givestoMaryisevendeeperthanthenatureenvironmentdoes.IthastheresponsibilitytoleadMary’sdisagreeablecharacter.Whenshelivedintheclergyman’shome.Hisfivechildrenwerequitefrankintheirdislikedforher,andshefindsherselfostracizedbytheotherchildren.Theyweredelightedinmakingfunofher.LatershesawMrsMedlock.ShehadonpatienceonMaryandshutherintheroom.ItwasinMrsMedlock’scompanythatMaryfirstbegantofeellonely.Boththeclergyman’sfamilyandMrs.Medlockdislikedheronsight.Maryalsodidnotgetanywarmfromthesociety.Maryismadedoublysourbyhergrowingsenseofdislocationandloneliness.WhenBasiltoldherthatshewasgoinghome,Maryaskedwherethehomewas.Sherealizedthatshehadneverreallybelongedanywhere,nortoanyone.Shehadbeguntowonderwhyshehadneverseemedtobelongtoanyoneevenwhenherfatherandmotherhadbeenalive.Shefeltlonely.ThesocialelementsaffectedMary’spsychologicalhealth.Familyisthefirstenvironmentofchildren’sgrowth.Parentsarechildren’sfirstteachers.ObviouslyMary’sparentswereirresponsibletoMary.Theygavebirthto23 her.Buttheydidnotwanttospendtimecaringandeducatingher.Mary’sdisagreeablenatureisadirectconsequenceoflovelessfamilyenvironment.Childrenwhoalwayscannotgetlovefromtheirparentsandfeelwarmfromthefamilywillbecomeselfclosing,indifferent,sensitiveanddon’ttrustanyone.What’sworseit’seccentricpersonality.OnceMarysaidtoabird:“PeopleneverlikemeandIneverlikepeople.AndInevercantalkastheCrawfordchildrencould.Theywerealwaystalkingandlaughing.”FromthiswordspeoplecanknowMaryenviesotherchildren.Butshedosenotknowhowtocommunicatewithotherpeople.Maryislonely.Inthefirstchapterofthenovel,Marywasseeminglyindifferenttothedeathofherparents.Shedidnotmournhernanny’sdeath.Hercold-bloodedcharacterwasduetotheruthlessfamilyenvironment.Shedidnotgetlovefromothersandshealsodidnotknowhowtoloveothers.ThesametragedyhappenedonMary’scousinColin.Whenhewasborn,hismotherdied.Hisfather,MrCarvenwasindeepsorrow.Fromnowonhedidnotseeanyoneanddislikedhisson.Hecannotbeartolookathimbecausetheboypainfullyremindshimofhislatewife.Colinsurroundedbyservantsgrewup.Hisservantshadbeencommandedtoobeyhiseveryorder.Healsodidnotgetlovefromfamily.Someonesaidhewoulddiesoon.Hegavehimselfupashopeless.Hestayedinthebedfromhisbirth.Hedidknowhowtowalk.Itseemedthathewaswaitingfordeath.Hewasindespair.Healwayslosehistemper.Colinhadbecomefantasticallyspoiledandimperiousasaresult.MaryandColinhadmanycommonpoints.Theywereborninrichfamilyandhadmanyservants.Theydidnotgetlovefromfamily.Theyweredislikedbytheirparents.Theirparentshaddeniedtheirexistenceandhiddenthemawaylikesecrets.NooneeversawColinorMary.Psychologistthinksthatfamilyisthefirstschooltolearninterpersonalrelationship.Thatistosay,childrenlearntheabilitytocommunicatewithothersfromtheaffectiveinteractionbetweenchildrenandparents.Inthisprocess,childrengetthewaytogetloveandexpresslove.Theylearntheessentialwaytospeakandthegesture,thefacialexpression.Soparentsshouldpayattentiontothefamilyenvironment.Don’tletyourchildrenhaveanunhappychildhoodlikeMaryandColin.Nowthatfamilyenvironmenthasimportantinfluenceonchildren’sgrowth,23 parentsshouldknowhowtodevelopthechildren’spsychologicalhealtheducation.Firstistocreateaharmoniousfamilyatmosphere.Iffamilymembersrespecteachotherandtheatmosphereiswarmandpleasant,itcangivechildrenthefeelingoftrust,safety,happiness.Secondistotaketherighteducationalpattern.Withtheprinciplesofdemocracy,tolerance,freedom,development,parentsmakeanexampleandtakereasonablemeasurestoencourageandpunishchildren.Thirdistopromoteparentsquality.Nomatterthecultureorthepsychologicalqualityhasimportantinfluenceonchildpsychologicalhealth.Parentsshouldkeeplearningandgraspscientificmethodstohelpchildrentohaveahealthypersonality.Parentsshouldalwaysplaywithchildren.Youcanmakefriendswiththem.Thenyoucancarethemfromeveryaspect.Sounhealthynaturalenvironment,unfriendlysocialenvironmentandthecoldfamilyenvironmentmakeMarynotonlyinpoorhealthbutalsowithdistortedpersonality.Sheisnotlikeanormalgirlfullofenergy,playfulnessandimagination.Shehasnointerestintheworldaroundher,showsnodesiretolearn,exploreorbeoutdoors.Shelosetheabilityoflove.Shelivesinadark,lonelyandindifferentworld.23 ChapterTwoMary’sTodayIt’simpossibleforyoutoguessachild’sfuture.Achildhasonehundredpossibilities.Don’tdenyachild’simagination,maybeheorshewillbeascientistorwriter.Perhapstobeanadultishardtochangethepersonality.Butit’sdifferenttoachild.Theyhavetheplasticity.Achild’shealthyandhappygrowthneedsnotonlythefamilyenvironment,theparents.Theyalsoneedtocommunicatewithfriendsandthepowerofnature.Itisgoodforchild’shealthtoletthemgrowupinnature.Inthenovel,afterMarymovedtoMisselthwaiteManor,Marystartedhergrowth.Themanorchangedherandshealsochangedthemanor.BurnettusesvividlanguageandinterestingplotstoshowMary’sgrowthcourse.A.MaryandMisselthwaiteManor’sChangesBeforeMary’scomingMisselthwaiteManorwasadesertedmanorwithoutlove.Withthehistoryofsixhundredsyears,themanorhadonehundredrooms.Butmostofthemwerelocked.AboyColinwhohadseriousdiseasealwaysmadehysteriahowl.TheownerMrCarvenwhonevercaredanyoneshuthimselfup.ActuallyithappenedafterMrCarven’swifediedofaccident.MrCarvenwasindeepsorrow.Hedidnotrecoverfromthefact.ItseemsthateveryoneinManorhadtheirproblems.MisselManorlookedlikeabigtree.Onthefaceofit,everythingwasnormal.Infact,thetreehadstartedtoteeter.AtthattimeMarycame.Thethingstartedtochange.Inthebeginning,Marystillorderedtheservanttodoeverything.ButMarthaappeared.ShewassenttolookafterMary.MarthawhowaslikesunshinelightedupMary’slife.Marthawaslivelyandoptimistic.Shelikedspeaking.ShewasdifferentfrompeoplethatMaryevermet.Marthahadmanyyoungersistersandbrothers.Whenshewasyoung,shehelpedhermothertolookafterthem.SoMarthaconsideredMaryashersister.Whenshefoundthebad-temperedgirlwassolonelyandunhappy.Shecouldn’thelpencouragingMarytoexperienceanormalchild’shappinesslikeherlittlebrotherDickon.Hecouldspendthewholedaytowanderthemanor.Helikedanimals.Hecouldknowwhatanimalssaid.ThatwasthereasonMarylookedforhis23 helptorebuildthegarden.GraduallybecauseofMartha’sencouragementMarystartedtoexploretheoutsideworld,experiencethenature’scharm.Inthisprocess,shelearnedtomakefriendsandfoundthesecretgardenwhichbelongedtothelateMistressCarven,afterwhosedeath,MrCarvenlockeditsdoorandburiedthekeybeneaththeearth.ThevigorousexerciseshetookonthemoorbegantohaveanextremelypositiveeffectuponMary.Shealmostimmediatelybecamelesssickly,moreengagedwiththeworld,andlessfoul-tempered.Theotherchangeistogiveotherpeoplelove.WhenMarygotlovefromMartha,DickonandtheirmotherMrsSowerby,shelearnedtogivelovetoColin.Shehelpedhimknowthathedidnothaveseriousdisease.Hecouldnotdiesosoon.Marytoldhimtohavefreshair.Itwasgoodtohishealth.Whenshefoundthesecretgarden,shetookhimheretoseehismother’sfavouritegardenwhenshewasalive.Inthegarden,Colinlearnedtowalk.Thentheytriedtheirbesttorebuildthegarden.Thesecretgardenseemedtobeawakenedfromadeadsleep.Meanwhileitwitnessedthetwochildren’srebirth.MrCarvensawthegardenwhichhiswifelikedverymuchcamebacktolife.Hewentoutfromhiswife’sdeath.TheMisselthwaiteManorchanged.Itbecameawarmfamily.Attheendofthestory,theyhadahappylifetogether.B.ThePowerofNatureandFriendThepowerofnaturehasansubtleinfluenceonchildren’scharacter.UnlikeIndia,MisselManorhasvastgrasslandandmanygardens.TheclodfreshairofthemanorreplacestheunhealthyheatanddampofIndia.Ithasgoodnaturalconditionforchildren’sgrowth.MarybegantoengageingoodEnglishpastimelikeskippingropeandgardening,andatewholesomefoodswithahealthyappetite.Soinaseriesofsubtleandconvincingsteps,theabandonedandanti-socialMaryisgraduallyquickeningintolifeinaharmoniousnaturalenvironment.TohaveaclosecontactwithnatureisthefirstchangeofMary.Whentherobinbrokeintosong,inanattempttomakefriendswithMary,sheisalmostpainfullydelighted,asshehadnofriendsintheentireworld.Shesaidtotherobinjustasifshewasspeakingtoaperson:“Wouldyoumakefriendswithme?Wouldyou?”Marydidnotsayiteitherinherhardlittle23 voiceorinherimperiousIndianvoice,butinatonesosoft.ItsurprisedpeoplewhoknewMary.TheycouldnotbelieveMarywassopolite.ThefriendlinessoftheRobinRedbreastbothhelpedMaryrecognizethatshewaslonelyandtoassuagethatloneliness.Therobinleadedhertofindthedoorofthesecretgarden.Insidethesecretgarden,Maryfoundagreatmanyrosebushes,andstandardrosesthathadbeenallowedtogrowaslargeastrees;theflowerlessvinesofclimbingroseshadovergrownovertheplace,andmadelovelycurtainsintheair.Thesecretgardenwasastrangeandsilentplace.Noonehadentereditfortenyears.ButMarythoughtitmustbeverydifferentfromgardensthathadnotbeensoabandoned.Sinceitwasinwinter,everythinginthegardenhadgonebrownorgray,andMarycouldnotbecertainwhethertheflowerweredeadoralive.Shefiercelyhopedthateverythinginthegardenhadnotdied.Facedthedesertedandhugegarden,Marydecidedtorebuildthegarden.Everydayshewerehard-workingandtriedherbesttoletthegardencomebacktolife.Dickonwasthesonofnature.Hekneweverythinginnature.Heknewthenature’slanguage.Hehadacquiredthequalityofnature:Dickon’sowneyesaredescribedaslookinglikepiecesofmoorlandsky,andhesmelledofheatherandgrassandleavesasifheweremadeofthem.Dickon’srelationshiptothemoorisuniquelycloseone.Dickonisarepresentativeofharmoniousrelationshipbetweenhumanandthenature.Withthenature’sinfluence,Dickonwashealthybodyandkindpersonality.WiththehelpofDickon,shebegantotendthesecretgardenandrenewitsbeautyandsplendor.Theactivityofgardeningimprovedtheirfriendshipaswellasherunderstandingofnature.InhercontactwithDickon,Maryfoundthattheyhadsomethingincommon.Thenitspeduptheirfriendship.Whensheawakenedthegarden,herlovedeepinheartwasawakenedatthesametime.Shestartedtolovenatureandlife.Thebigbreathsofroughfreshairblownovertheheatherfilledherlungswithsomething,whichwasgoodforherwholethinbodyandwhippedsomeredcolorintohercheeksandbrightenedherdulleyes.ItwasthefirsttimeforMarytohaveafeelingofhunger.Marybecamemoreandmorehealthy.Inaword,inTheSecretGarden,thenaturalworldwaschangingMarypiecebypiece,pointbypoint.BurnettgivesthenatureachancetoplayapositiveroleintheperformanceofMary’s23 growth.Andshegoesfurtherthanthis,suggestingthatclosenesstothenaturalworldcanpromotephysical,emotional,psychological,andspiritualhealth.TheimportanceofthegardenandoutdoorlifetothemoraldevelopmentofMaryisalsoshowneverywhereinTheSecretGarden.BurnettvaluesthegreatharmonyofMaryandhersurroundings,andtheharmoniousrelationshipisshowninthenaturalenvironmentanditsinhabitants.ThecloserrelationshipbetweenchildandnatureinstantlybringsaboutpositivechangesinMary’stemperamentandenableshertosetupafriendlyrelationshipwithotherpeoplearoundher.Thesecretgarden,onbehalfofthenature,isnodoubtthebiggesthealingpowertoMary.Intheend,Maryhasbeenapartofthenature.Therearemanyadvantagesforchildrentocontactwiththenature.Firstly,thenatureisfulloffreshairandsunshine.Therearewidelandsforchildrentoplaygames.Soit’sgoodtoallorganstohavehealthygrowth.Becausechildrenaredelightedinthenature.Ithasapositiveeffectonbraindevelopment.Secondly,inthenaturetherearesomanyknowledgeeverywhere.Whenthechildrencontactwiththenature,theywillseeallkindsofnewthings.Maybetheywillhavemanystrangequestions.Thentheywanttolookfortheanswers.Itpromotestheircuriosityandhasastrongthirstforknowledge.Italsoexpandschildrenhorizonandincreasestheknowledge.Itisessentialtointelligencedevelopment.Thirdly,whenchildrencontactwiththenature,ithelpsthemtoshapesomeelementaryconceptsofsubstanceanddevelopment.Forexample,parentsteachesthemtoobservetherain,snow,cloudandknowthedevelopmentprocess.Itisbeneficialtohaverightviewsabouttheexistenceanddevelopmentofsubstance.Itisgoodforchildren’sthoughtenlightenment.Finally,childrenhaveamorelinkwiththenatureandarecultivatedbythenaturalbeauty.Itisbeneficialtoimprovechildren’staste.Maybesomeonewillbeascientistormusicianwhenheorshegrowsup.Itisthenaturetoteachchildrentolearnhowtoappreciatebeauty.Thebluesky,greenvines,theflavorofflowerandgrass,thesoundofbirdmakechildrenhavegoodemotion.Letchildrenwanderfreelyinnatureandenjoyeverythingthatthenaturegives.Thenaturalspeciesthatchildrenfeelandappreciatehaveanimportantinfluenceonchildren’shealthygrowth.Thebeautifulnature23 stimulatechildrentolovefriendsandlovelife.Thenatureisresourceofhappiness.Inaword,childrenshouldgoouttoplayinthenature.Nowmanyparentsjustpayattentiontochildren’sacademicrecord.Theydonotknowwhetherthechildrenarehappyornot.Whenchildrenhaveaholiday,parentsletthemtakepartinallkindsofcramschools.Theydonothaveanyfreetime.Itisnotwise.Letchildrencontactwiththenatureandreceivethenature’seducation.Whenthesecretgarden’sspringcomes,itisthemostbeautifulgardenintheworld.EveryoneinMisselthwaiteManorhashisspring.Burnettfocusesontheharmony,theinteractionbetweenthechildrenandthenature.Onlyifthechildrenhasbecomeapartofthepositivesurroundings,theywillhaveagoodgrowth.Whatdoesfriendshipmean?Maybedifferentpeoplepeoplehavedifferentideas.Thereisnodefiniteanswertothisquestion.Friendsareimportantbeyondalldoubt.Friendshipistoyourlifewhatsaltistodishes.Whenyouarehappy,friendshipisjustlikeaddingflowersonthebrocade.Ifyouareintrouble,friendswillsurroundyouandremovethebarriersforyou.Friendshipisnotalmighty,butnoonecanlivehappilywithoutit.Peopleallneedfriends,especiallychildren.Intheperiodofgrowth,exceptparentallove,theyalsoneedfriends’company.Itisessentialforchildrengrowthtolearnhowtomakefriendsandcommunicatewithfriends.Lovefromfriendsisamostpreciousandpositivepartinthenovel.TheloveisshowninpeopleinMisselthwaite.Besidesthenaturalelement,anotherimportantagentofMary’srebirth,love,canbefound,especiallyintheSowerbyfamilysuchasMartha,Dickon.BeforeshecametoMisselManor,shedidnothaveanyfriendsbecauseofdistortedpersonality.Whatshehadwasagroupofservantswhojustobeyedtheorders.MarywasatfirstmeanandrudetoMarthaandthoughtshewasuncaringlikeeveryoneelseshehadencounteredinherlife.ButMarthawasdifferentandsheissympathetictowardMary.Marthawasthefirstpersontotreathersincerely.WhenMarysawMarthathefirsttime,sheorderedMarthatodressher.Marthasaid:“Imeancan’tyouputonyourownclothes?It’stimethatyoushouldlearn”BeforeMartha,itwascertainthatnoonedaredtosaythewordslikethis.AtthebeginningMarywasnotatallinterested,butgradually,asMartharattledoninher23 good-tempered,homelyway,Marybegantonoticewhatshewassaying.LaterMarydidnotwanttoeatfood,Marthaencouragedhertogoout.ShetoldMarythatitwasgoodforherandgaveherstomachforthefood.ThenMaryfoundthesecretgarden.MarthausedherownincometobuyaskippingropeforMary.It’sMartha’ssinceritytoletMaryknowwhatloveisandwarmhercoldheart.MartharepresentedthegoodnessofallthepeopleofYorkshire.FriendlyandcheerfulMarthahadmanypleasantstoriesaboutlifeonthemoor.MarthabegantotellMaryaboutherfamily:hermother,father,andelevenbrothersandsisters.Mary’srelationwithMarthashowedthatforthefirsttimeinherlifeMarybegantoexperienceherfirstrealrelationshipandfriendshipwithanotherperson,whodidnotspoilherbutdidcareaboutherafterarrivingatMisselthwaite.Marylearnedtobeawareofandgetalongwithpeoplearoundherandgraduallybecamefriendlytoeveryone.Andintheirdenselove,stepbystep,theabandonedandantisocialMaryquickensintolife.DickonisMary’sanotherfriend.AtthebeginningMarydidnotmeethim,sheknewhim,becauseMarthaalwaysreferredhim.HewasthefirstfriendthatMarymadeinitiatively.Shesharedthesecretaboutthegarden.InMary’sopinion,itmeanedshegaveherlifetoDickon.Thiswaschildrenfriendship.Sharemeanstrust.Itisaimportantsteptogooutfromtheself-closedworldandcreatepositiveexternalrelationship.DickonwasoneofMary’steachers.ItwasDickonwhobroughtMaryseedsandgardeningtoolsandtaughtherhowtogarden.ActuallywhatdrawsMaryclosetoDickonisexactlyhisloveforanimalsandplants.Besides,itwasDickonwhohelpedMaryrecoverColin.SheusedlovefromfriendstohelphercousinColinandheruncleMrCarven.ColinwasnodoubtthebiggestbeneficiaryofMary’ssharingoflove.ItwasMarywhopassedthesecretofeternallifetoColin.Afterherintervention,Colinrepeatedlyinsistedthathewouldliveforever.MarytransformedherownexperienceintoamodelforhelpingColin.WhenMaryandColinhadfriends,theydidnotfeellonely.Theylearnedlove.Finallytheygotrebirthwiththesecretgarden.Maryandherfriendshastheabilitytowakeupthedormantchildhoodandhappymemoriesofadults,tospreadtheirhappinessandsharetheirgoodnewstooneandall,andtobrightenadark,tragicworldwithhope.WithlaughterandloveMaryrenewed23 thebeautyofthegardenandsavedthedyingColinCarvenandrestoredthelovebetweenafatherandason.Sopeopleknowfriendsareimportanttochildren.Makingfriendscandevelopchildren’scommunicativeability.Thenchildcanhaveanoptimisticcharacter.Howdochildrenmakemorefriends?Nowtherearemoreandmoreonly-child.Theyareeasytobeasocial.Sotheexpertsuggeststhatparentsshouldcreatemoresituationstohelpchildrenmakefriends.Firstly,youshouldalwaystakeyourchildtotheplacethatotherchildrenlikenearyourhome.Letchildrenplaywithotherchildreninitiativelyandsharetheirtoyswithothers.Thechildcanlearntoaskfortoysfromotherchildrenpolitely.Youcanencourageyourchildtoorganizechildrentoplaygamestogether.Childrenareeasytobecomefriendsingame.Secondly,youcanhelpchildrentoinviteotherstovisityourhome.Letyourchildtreatthembythemselves.Finally,youcanalwaystakeyourchildtosomechildrenspacessuchasamusementparks,children’spalaces.Intheprocess,childrencancommunicatewitheachother.Parentsshouldcreatemoreconditionstohelpchildrentoimprovethecommunicativeability.23 ChapterThreeMary’sTomorrowTheendingofTheSecretGardenishappy.Mary,ColinandMrCarven’schangesarenice.IntheprocessofMaryandColin’sgrowth,theygetfriendship,familylove,theknowledgeofoutdoorworldandgoodinterpersonalrelationship.What’sthemostimportantistofindconfidenceandenthusiasmtolife.Intheendofthebook,Burnettdosen’twriteMaryandotherchildren’sfuturewhentheygrowup.Maybeshewantstogivereadersspacetoimaginebythemselves.SusanMoody,acontemporarywriterofworksforchildren,wroteReturntoTheSecretGarden.ThecontinuationbyJoeWiesenfeldwasadaptedbytwodifferentdirectorsforfilmswiththenamesofReturntoTheSecretGardenandBacktoTheSecretGarden.Intheseworks,theygivereaderssomeendings.Withoutdoubt,Marywillbeastrong,independent,successfulandhappywoman.Becauseshehasknewthetruthoflove.Afterpeoplereadthebook,whatcantheylearnfromthebook.TheSecretGardenwantstotellreaderssomesecretsaboutgrowth.A.TheInspirationsGivenbyMaryNowpsychologicalproblemofchildbecomemoreandmoreserious.Parentsdidn’trealizetheseriousnessafewyearsago.Parentsthinkthattheygivearichphysicalenvironmentforchildandletthemgotoschool,theydonothaveotherresponsibilities.Butrecentlymanychildrenaredueofpsychologicalproblemtoleaveschoolortoseedoctor.Thesocietypaymoreattentiontotheproblem.Parentsshouldconcernchildpsychology.ParentscanlearnsomemethodsfromMary’sgrowth.Thentheycanknowhowtoeducateachild.ThefirstinspirationgivenbyMaryiscareandlove.Everyyeartherearemanychildrengettingseriouspsychologicaldisease,suchasautism.Apartfromgeneticfactor,parentsaretoblame.Whatparentsneedtogiveisnotonlythematerialthingsbutalsorealloveandcare.Mary’sparentscreatedarichlifeconditionandarrangedmanyservantstolookafterher.Buttheydidnotloveher.ThelovelessparentsledtoMary’sdisagreeablepersonality.Inthenovel,MrsSowerby,MarthaandDickon’s23 motherisagoodparentalrepresentative.ParentalloveisbestembodiedbySusanSowerbywhofunctionedasasymbolfortheconceptofmotherhooditself.Shewasalignedwithbothnatureandwiththeideaofmotherhooditself.BothMaryandColinexpressedthewishthatsheweretheirmother;storiesofhersustaineachofthembeforetheirrespectivetransformations.SussanlookedonMaryasherchildassheaskedMarthatotrytocheerMaryup.Althoughherfamilyisnotrich,shegivesherchildrentheentirelove.Theyhaveabundantspirituallife.BesidestheysharelovewithMary.ThenitpromotesMary’sgrowth.TheyhelpMarybecomeaphysicalandmentalhealthygirl.Motherhoodisavitalelementduringtheprocessofchildren’sgrowthinBurnett’sunderstandingofnurtuing.Shevaluestheelementandbroadenstheconceptofitinhernovel.MrsSowerbygaveherchildrenasignificantamountoffreedomtoplayandgrow.Burnettthinksthegoodmotherprovideshergirlswiththesamephysicalspaceandfreedomasshedoesherboys,allowingallofherchildrentorunandshout.Parentalloveisimportanttochild’sgrowth.Parentsshouldgivemoreloveandcaretochildpsychologicallife.Thesecondisencouragement.Thatchildneedsencouragementisliketheplantsneedwater.Manyparentsdonotknowwhatencouragementis.Theythinkencouragementistosaysomegoodwordsnomatterwhattheirchildrendid.Actuallyencouragementistogivechildachancetoexercisethemselvesandshowtheirability,toproveheorsheisaneffectivememberintheenvironmentandtheirbehaviourcangivethemselvesandotherpeoplegoodeffect.Withencouragement,childrenknowtheirpotentialanddevelopallkindsofabilities.Thenthechildwillbeawinnerinlife.Inthenovel,Marywasuglyanddisagreeable.Herparents,theclergyman’sfamilyandMrsMedlockdislikedher.ButMarthalikedher.SheencouragedMarytobeanormalgirl.Withherencouragement,MarybecameabeautifulandhappySwan.Growthneedstime.Whentheydonotreachthestandardinaperiod.Parentscannotcriticizechildren.Whenchildisdoingsomething,parentsshouldencouragehimorher.Don’tstrikechild’senthusiasm.Theeffectivewayofencouragementistodelivertheinformationtochildrenthatyoutrustthemandlovethemeveniftheyareplainoruglyornotbetterthanothers.Letthemhaveconfidencetofacedifficultiesandother’23 ridicule.TheThirdiscommunication.Theessentialwaythatparentseducatechildistocommunicatewithchildren.Communicationhasimportantinfluenceonfamilyeducation.Goodcommunicationbuildabridgebetweenchildrenandparents.It’sbeneficialforthemtomakeprofoundemotionalfoundationandhelpparentsfindchild’spsychologicalproblemintime.InTheSecretGarden,Mary’sparentsandMrCarvenwerenotresponsibleparents.Theydidnotwanttoseethechildren,letalonecommunication.Becauseoflackingcommunication,Marydidnothaveanyclearimpressiononherparents.TheirparentscouldnotknowMaryandColinhadalreadyhadadistortedcharacter.Inreality,therearemanyreasonstoleadcommunicationbarriers.First,parentsignoretheimportanceofcommunication.Theythinkchildwhohasaphysicalhealthandgetshighscoreisperfect.Butparentsdon’tknowmanychildrenlikethiskindhavepsychologicalproblems.Secondly,themethodsofcommunicationarenotright.Parents’thoughtsaregood.Ifthemethodsarewrong,therelationshipwillgetworse.Thirdly,thetoneandwording.Howcanparentscommunicatewithchildrenproperly?Parentsshouldhaveaequalrelationshipwithchildren.Themostimportantpreconditionisequality.Someparentsignorechildren’sfeelinganddecidesomethingbythemselves.Parentsshouldputchildreninasameheightandcommunicatewithchildrenlikefriends.Intheprocessofcommunication,parentsshouldtrustchildren.TheFourthissharing.Inthenovel,becauseofsharing,peoplecangethappiness.MarthaandDickonsharedtheirhappinessandlovewithMary.LetMarygooutfromthedarkandindifferentworld.MarysharedherlovefromotherswithColin.ThenColinbecameahealthyboy.Marygrewupintheprocessofsharinglove.Intheprocessofchild’sgrowth,sharinghastheimportantsignificance.Sharingcanhelpchildgetplaymates’trust.Whentheyareplayinggames,sharingcanimprovechild’scommunicativeability.Meanwhileitcanhelpchildtolookforapropermethodtogetalongwithothers.Thechildwhoisgoodatsharingcansolvetheproblemsproperlyandhelpothersactively.Growthkeepsgoing,noonecanstopit.Growthisinvisible.Whenthechild23 realizesit,hehasgrownup.Intheprocessofgrowth,everychildhasdifferentexperience.Someoneishappy.Someoneissorrow.It’sonekindofpreciousfortune.Somethingmustbeexperiencedbychildrenthemselves.Whatparentsshoulddoistoguideandencourage.Parentscannotreplacethemtogrowup.AlthoughMary’sstoryends,Mary’sgrowthwillgoon.23 ConclusionAlthoughthefairytaleisadreamthatthewritercreates,ithasanimportanteffectonchild’sgrowth.Thefairytalecanshowchildpsychologicalfeature.Accordingtotheknowledgeofchildpsychology,child’sthinkingstylehasthefairytale’scharacteristics.Readingfairytalescanimprovechild’spsychologygrowth.Infairytale,childcanfeelthehardshipsofgrowthandgetexperience.Theycanknowthepowerofloveandfriendship.Byreadingfairytale,childunderstandsthelife’svalue.Whenyoureadthestory,youmayfindtheheroinMaryresembleacharacterinanotherfairytale.It’stheuglyduckling.ItisafamousfairytaleimagecreatedbytheMasterHansChristianAndersen.Contrasttothenormalstorystylewithaprettylovelyyounggirlastheheroin,Burnetttriestopresentusanuglyannoyinggirlatthebeginningofherstory,andkeepsmentioningitfortimes.ThisarrangementissimilarwiththestoryofTheUglyDuckling2.Theuglyducklingwasbornaswan,buthedidnotknow.Hehadthebloodofthebeauty,butitwasjustnotthetimetoshow.Maryhadtheverysimilarpersonalexperiencewiththeuglyduckling.Theywerebothuglylookingchildren.Theyoncehadmotherbutnevergainedtruelovefromthem,finallytheybecameanorphan.Whentheywereyoung,theywereforcedtofacetheworldalone.Peopledislikedthemandmadejudgementbytheiruglylookings.Peoplelaughedatthemcoldlyorevenhurtthemdirectly.Somanycharactersindifferentfairytaleshavethesameexperienceandrepresentthesamespirit.Parentsandchildrenshouldreadmorefairytales.Thenchildrencangetknowledgeandpassionfromstories.Parentscanknowthefeatureofchild’spsychologicaldevelopment.Asafamouswriterofchild’sliterature,inTheSecretGardenBurnettputforwardmanyeducationalideas:ExpensiveeducationisuncertaintoeducateexcellentchildrenlikeMary.Herparentsgaveherprivateteachersandservants.Butitcouldnotchangeherdistortedpersonality.Becausechildrenloveplayinginthenatureandtheywanttojumpoutofthetether.Childrenwhoconformtotheactivenatureandfeelloveandbelovedarehealthyphysicallyandmentally.Thiskindofthoughtruns23 throughthewholestory.InBurnett’swritings,peoplecanfeelfulloflove.Differentcharactersgetthegrowth’shappiness.It’sbecauseofloveandthenature.TheSecretGardenbyFrancesHodgsonBurnettisamostfamoussuccessfulchild’swork.Init,Burnettclearlypropoundsthereciprocalrelationshipbetweenmanandnatureandevenamongmenthemselvesandtheabilityofnaturetohealandinspireandhencetopromoteasenseofwell-being.Inmodernsociety,mostchildrenarerichingoodsandhavepoorspirit.Parentsconcerntobuildagoodphysicalenvironment.Theyrarelycarechild’spsychology.ThethesisanalyzesMary’sgrowthfromchildpsychology.AtfirstMaryisapoorgirl.Shehasuglyappearanceanddisagreeablepersonality.ThenaturalandsocialenvironmentandfamilyhaveanbadinfluenceonMary’spsychology.Sheislonely.Shehasasenseofnotbelonging.LaterinMisselthwaiteManor,thenaturalenvironmenthaschange.Intheprocessofcontactingwiththenature,theharmoniousrelationshiphealMary’sproblem.Thepoweroffriendshipisanotherreason.It’sfriends’lovetowarmMary.ItleadstoMary’schange.Mary’spsychologyhasadevelopment.Ittalksaboutsomefactorstoinfluencethedevelopmentofchildpsychology.Thenaturalenvironmentandsocialenvironmenthaveaninfluenceonchildren’sphysicalandmentalhealth.Thenaturalenvironmentsuchasclimate,landscapeandtemperatureishardtochange.Butparentscanhelpchildrentobuildaharmoniousrelationshipwithnature.Theycantakechildrentoexperiencethenature’scharm.Childrencannotonlylearntheknowledge,butalsohaveanexercise.Thesocialenvironmenthasmanyinfluencesonaperson.Sometimesit’ssocialbackground.Maybeit’semploymentpressure.It’sacomprehensiveresult.Sometimesit’sspecificscenesuchasyourfriendsorstrangers’attitudetoyou.Themostimportantisfamilyenvironment.Inthelastchapter,thethesisgivessomesuggestiontoparentstoremindthem.Theyshouldcareaboutchildren’spsychology.BurnetttellsusinTheSecretGardenthatchildrenallhaveasecretgardenwithintheirhearts.Parentsmustfindthekey,openthedoorandunlockwhatisinsidesothattheycangrowphysically,spirituallyandemotionally.That’schild’sinsideworld.23 Notes1.Frances,HodgsonBurnett,TheSecretGarden:BantamClassicPublisher,20032.MasterHansChristianAndersen,Andersen’sFairyTales:StateStreetPress,200123 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